Identity and the Web is a big thing these days. People talk about ita lot.
Wrapped up in identity’s importance is the question of how we tie a public, digital persona back to a living, breathing human.
So along comes a New York Times piece about teens sharing passwords with each other as a sign of trust in their burgeoning relationships. This may seem only relevant to “spurned boyfriend [...] trying to humiliate an ex-girlfriend” in junior high school but it makes sense more generally. When so much of your individual equity is tied to your digital identity, one big sign of trust is sharing that identity.
I started to wonder, “Do grownups* do the same thing?” How might our digital password sharing mimic our real-world trust dependencies?
I assert that what’s important in a Web-connected conception of trust is: reliability, access and facility/ease.
Examples with three of the Web’s bigger players:
Google – When I first set-up Google 2-step verification, I sent my backup codes to the people closest to me. Coupled with my password, these codes are necessary for every device/browser session I want to log into with my Google Account. The point is not just about trusting these friends and family member. It’s about trust but also reliability that these friends will be able to locate and communicate to me one backup code when I need it most.
Facebook – Facebook now lets you recover a hacked account with the help of your friends. Facebook describes it as: “Giving a house key to your friends when you go on vacation.” Facebook’s implementation requires not only that your friends be true but also that they be available to access Facebook on their own to verify your identity for you.
Twitter – There is an anecdote we take to customer meetings as a sales team at Twitter: All the celebrities who have a social media presence — YouTube Channel, Facebook Fan Page, Twitter Profile — give their credentials to YouTube or Facebook to their agent or their PR firm. But they refuse to give their Twitter handle access. (People attribute this to Twitter’s mobile emphasis and because it is easy to take Twitter with them on their phone. It’s the easiest way to post a quick picture from backstage or before the game begins, etc.).
Identity and identity-sharing or identity-trust most go hand-in-hand. If you can supply a reliable, accessible and easy way to share identities then the “trust” is no different from the way it manifests itself for objects in the physical world.
*I firmly believe you’re not an adult until you stop saying “grownup.”
Want to know what areas in NYC are Scrooges this Christmas? Visual.ly analyzed more than 3.5M orders on Seamless.com and looked at three things: 1) cuisine ordered 2) tip size 3) neighborhood.
From this, they were able to determine popularity of cuisines and average tip percentages by region of NYC (data includes Manhattan districts plus Brooklyn and Queens).
For example, below is popularity of Chinese food. It’s most popular (on a relative basis) in UWS, Midtown West and Murray Hill — where it makes up 7% of all orders.
But it’s in Queens where people are most generous with Chinese food (again, on a relative basis). The average tip on Chinese food there is 16.28% of the bill compared 11.56% for all cuisines in that borough.
You can dissect this data in a number of fun ways; the Visual.ly team did a great job making this user-friendly). You can also, I’m sure, poke some holes in the findings and talk about variables unaccounted for, etc.
Wall Street, it turns out, has the worst tippers in Manhattan, averaging just 12.31 percent per meal. Their neighbors in the West Village pay the most – an average of 14.24 percent.
I’ve been following the “Marxian Drama” with Michael Arrington outlining labor and time spent working in a hard-core start-up environment like the Bay Area. While I haven’t lived in the Bay Area for a few years now, I’ve identified what I believe is a key way to figure out if you’re in one boat or another of job happiness.
How do you know where you fall on the spectrum? From language.
Pretend you’re at a party. Or meeting someone for the first time. They ask, “What do you do?” How do you reply?
“I work for Twitter in X.” If you say this, it seems to me like “I’m working for the man,” it doesn’t exactly bestow a sense of ownership (or if it is, it’s your employer “owning” you). Either way, not good.
“I work at Twitter in X.” To me, it means, “I do X, it’s what I’m good at, and I do it at Twitter.” You certainly don’t feel like you “owe” anything to your employer other than your best effort — no soul selling here.
“I work on X at Twitter.” This is the best! This is when you have ownership over your product, your goal or your section of the business.
Maybe you disagree, but these are not just semantic differences to me:
Would you rather work for someone, work at a company or work on a project?
If you feel chained to your desk and you’re working for someone else’s goals, you’ll reply with #1.
If you see the reason to be at work every day, and you believe in the fight you’re fighting, I think you’ll say #2.
And if you love what you’re doing and have ownership over it — whether you’re at a start-up or at a big company – maybe you’ll reply with #3.
Below are ten snippets from Auletta’s excellent New Yorker piece and my accompanying thoughts/analysis. Everyone really should read this piece. If you’re reading this blog, then you either already have read it or really, truly should. These thoughts are posted in order of appearance in the piece and not ranked by priority to me. In fact, the ones that are most interesting to me are towards the middle/end of this list, when Sandberg and Auletta get into the notions of sex and gender roles as played out in Silicon Valley, in tech and in start-ups. I’ll try and revise this as time goes on, since an important part of my explication is in reflecting further after some dialogue. To that end, I welcome any commentary you have, either here or on Twitter or elsewhere. Other resources/links are very helpful: if anyone has found a particularly thoughtful Quora thread, for instance, I’d be happy to add on there.
1. Zuckerberg can turn on the charm and be a sales guy:
After the holidays, Zuckerberg e-mailed her, and they had the first of many dinners. [...] So for six weeks they met for dinner once or twice a week at Sandberg’s six-bedroom home. [...] “It was like dating,” says Dave Goldberg, Sandberg’s husband and the C.E.O. of the online company SurveyMonkey.
2. Facebook, however briefly, considered a subscription model:
Sandberg quickly began trying to figure out how to make Facebook a business. Should the company rely on advertising? On e-commerce? Should it charge a subscription fee?
3. Sandberg has the qualifications to do whatever she wants (smarts I was never in doubt. I did not know of her extensive pre-Google experience). Maybe even enough, as I mentioned earlier this week, to be Treasury Secretary.
At the time, the World Bank was deciding whether to bail out Russia. Someone asked, Summers recalls, whether a bailout in 1917 could have saved the country from seventy years of Communism. He posed the question to Sandberg. “What most students would have done,” he says, “is gone off to the library, skimmed some books on Russian history, and said they weren’t sure it was possible. What Sheryl did was call Richard Pipes,” who was a leading historian of the Russian Revolution and a professor at Harvard. “She engaged him for one hour and took detailed notes.” The next day, she reported back to Summers.
4. Part of Sandberg’s personality (and success) is about being drawn to the people and places with the hockey stick growth, with the off-the-charts numbers for growth and potential — just look at how Eric Schmidt pitched her. I think this also impacts her views on women in tech.
When Summers advanced to Treasury Secretary, in 1999, Sandberg became, at twenty-nine, his chief of staff. After the Democrats lost the 2000 election, she decided to move to Silicon Valley to join the technology boom. Google pursued her, and she thought the company was alluring. Like government, to her it “had a higher mission, which is to make the world’s information freely available.” She knew, though, that Google didn’t have a business plan. It was a private company, barely three years old, with no steady revenue stream. Eric Schmidt called her every week. “Don’t be an idiot,” he said. “This is a rocket ship. Get on it.”
5. Media plays a big role in the way we see gender and jobs and sexuality, especially with regards to science and tech ( this is a “duh,” at some level, but the examples in the piece were particularly illustrative).
Several female computer-science majors at Stanford pointed to the depiction of women in films like “The Social Network,” where the boys code and the girls dance around in their underwear. [...] Dina Kaplan, the co-founder of Blip.tv, says that when she met with angel investors to raise funds she dressed nicely, and in a meeting with a potential funder he told her, “Here’s what we do, Dina. We’re going to spend half the meeting with you pitching me, and half the meeting with me hitting on you!”
6. Sandberg in many ways embodies that pure Silicon Valley spirit in her naïveté and her deep belief in the world as a meritocracy. These two things may go hand-in-hand with a charmed life like Sandberg’s (Harvard College and HBS grad, Larry Summers-mentored, Google stock unit-optioned Facebook exec). For someone in her situation, it’s not about being male or female, maybe it’s just about being among the elite.
Some critics, however, note that Sandberg is not exactly a typical working mother. She has a nanny at home and a staff at work. Google made her very rich; Facebook may make her a billionaire. If she and her husband are travelling or are stuck at their desks, there is someone else to feed their kids and read to them. [...] Marie Wilson, the founder of the White House Project, which promotes women for leadership positions, attended Sandberg’s TED speech and knows and admires her. But, Wilson says, “underneath Sheryl’s assessment is the belief that this is a meritocracy. It’s not.” Courage and confidence alone will not compensate when male leaders don’t give women opportunities. She adds, “Women are not dropping out to have a child. They’re dropping out because they have no opportunity.”
Sylvia Ann Hewlett, who directs the Gender and Policy program at Columbia, read Sandberg’s speech and took exception. Hewlett agrees with Sandberg that women must be more assertive, but she believes Sandberg simply doesn’t understand that there is a “last glass ceiling,” created not by male sexists but by “the lack of sponsorship,” senior executives who persistently advocate for someone to move up. She believes that Sandberg is insufficiently aware of this problem because she has benefitted from sponsors: “Sandberg, to her great credit, had Larry Summers. She has had sponsors in her life who were very powerful, who went to bat for her. That’s very rare for a woman.”
7. Sandberg does not see things so simply that feminism and the fight for women in technology is an “us-versus-them,” or as simply a matter of the guts and the drive. She notes the structural/social construct of the homemaker for professional women but also sees a second impediment as something inside her: guilt.
“I feel guilty working because of my kids. I do. I feel guilty. In my TED talk, I’m talking to myself, too. I’m not just talking to other people. I have faced every one of those things myself.” Later, I asked her directly about Hewlett’s critique, and she simply said, “I feel really grateful to the people who encouraged me and helped me develop. Nobody can succeed on their own.”
8. Despite the idea that tech is portrayed by the media as especially male-centric (see #5), perhaps the lack of historical hierarchy in high-tech helps women in start-ups and Internet companies. (This might be very well contrasted by Tracy Chou’s well-articulated piece about her experiences as a bad-ass engineer at Stanford and at Quora). Do the perspectives below mean there is hope for a meritocratic and equal-opportunity society, starting in the Bay Area and in tech?
The women in the network seem to agree with Sandberg that sexism in America is mainly a problem that women can fix by being more assertive. Mayer, for example, notes that women have more opportunities in Silicon Valley because there’s no entrenched hierarchy there. Speaking of Silicon Valley, Goler says, sexism is not “a defining characteristic of the workplace today.” She also believes that to raise the issue is debilitating: “For me, that conversation is a complete waste of time. If I spend one hour talking about how I’m excluded, that’s an hour I am not spending solving Facebook’s problems.” Facebook’s director of platform and marketing, Katie Mitic, says that today there is no “glass ceiling but a sunroof.”
Choksi thinks that being a woman actually is “a huge advantage.” She goes on, “My former boss used to call me ‘the velvet hammer.’ What I do is negotiate for a living. I negotiate for everything, whether it’s mangoes in Mumbai or a deal. I love it.” Because there are few women in business development, as she looks across the table at the men on the other side, she says, “I feel like I disarm them a lot.” When I asked Kara Swisher if she’s treated differently by men, she smiled and responded, “They’re scared of me.”
9. Sandberg does not believe in separation between work and personal self. Is this an example of her bringing that stereotypically “female” ethos to the workplace? I think this style is right in line with some of the thoughts in Hanna Rosin’s essay last summer, “The End of Men,” which is also concerned with the issue of gender/sex in the workplace.
Molly Graham, who worked with Sandberg at Google and followed her to Facebook, where she now helps produce mobile Facebook products, says, “With Sheryl, everything is personal. There isn’t a separation with this thing we do at work and everything else.” Elliot Schrage, Facebook’s vice-president of global communications and public policy, and a close confidant who came over from Google, says, “The people who are her friends at work are her friends outside work.”
Conventional wisdom holds that getting so close to employees can compromise objectivity and the ability to make tough management decisions. “I dramatically disagree with that,” Sandberg says. “I believe in bringing your whole self to work. We are who we are. When you try to have this division between your personal self and your professional self, what you really are is stiff. . . . That doesn’t mean people have to tell me everything about their personal lives. But I’m pretty sharing of mine.” Being open with your employees, she believes, means that nothing is a surprise to them—even if you fire them.
10. If you are a woman out there who wants to see change, Sandberg’s advice for you is much like Wesley Yang’s advice if you are an Asian-American who wants to see change: Be bold. Compare the two.
Sandberg at Barnard graduation:
She described a poster on the wall at Facebook: “What would you do if you weren’t afraid?” She said that it echoed something the writer Anna Quindlen once said, which was that “she majored in unafraid” at Barnard. Sandberg went on, “Don’t let your fears overwhelm your desire. Let the barriers you face—and there will be barriers—be external, not internal. Fortune does favor the bold. I promise that you will never know what you’re capable of unless you try. You’re going to walk off this stage today and you’re going to start your adult life. Start out by aiming high. . . . Go home tonight and ask yourselves, What would I do if I weren’t afraid? And then go do it! Congratulations.”
Yang at the conclusion of his “Paper Tigers” piece in New York Magazine:
There is something salutary in that proud defiance. And though the debate she sparked about Asian-American life has been of questionable value, we will need more people with the same kind of defiance, willing to push themselves into the spotlight and to make some noise, to beat people up, to seduce women, to make mistakes, to become entrepreneurs, to stop doggedly pursuing official paper emblems attesting to their worthiness, to stop thinking those scraps of paper will secure anyone’s happiness, and to dare to be interesting.
Last Friday night, I used OpenTable for Android. It’s so easy and very helpful, especially when you’re in an area you don’t know well. Later in the weekend, at #SXSW in Austin (which, sadly, I did not attend), senior folks from StumbleUpon, YouTube and Pandora got on stage for a panel called, “Recommendation Engines: Going Beyond the Social Graph.”
What a missed opportunity for OpenTable.
I don’t mean the event itself. I mean to build out a robust and trustworthy recommendation algorithm of their own.
OpenTable should have one of the best recommendation engines out there. They have insight into not only search and browse behaviors for restaurants but more importantly, they know when you’ve actually eaten there.
Amazon’s reviews are so powerful not just because of their numbers, but because you can verify which reviewers have actually bought the product. We know it because Amazon can verify the purchase and the shipment.
Likewise, OpenTable can verify that someone sat down for their meal. (Note: Yelp tries to do this, too, by incorporating its check-ins. But all that really proves is that I was close by. OpenTable can say for sure that I ate there). It would be really cool if they could reconcile table orders with their reservations to verify even further that I did in fact try the lamb chop, but it’s not that OpenTable suffers from a reputation problem. They suffer simply from a lack-of-effort problem. Perhaps the problem is the incomplete feedback loop with the post-dining experience. OpenTable doesn’t need specific reviews of the restaurant by me, they have all the data that they need.
Moreover, OpenTable knows all about my habits: my price sensitivity, my proclivity to certain neighborhoods or preference of dining time. They can guess what genres of food I like and they can predict even things like where to eat based on where I might be at the time I’m booking for — maybe when booking last minute I prefer one type of restaurant, while planned meals a week out are different to me. There are all sorts of things.
I hope that all these things are on the team’s roadmap — perhaps they are. Think Foursquare but with data you don’t have any reason to question. I think OpenTable is sitting on a lot of really interesting data and they can do a lot in the future with it.
But for now, it’s a big missed opportunity for them.
After consumers completed their order they were given an option: ”Take 30 seconds to watch the trailer for NBC’s newest show and receive $2 off right now on the deal just purchased!”
Thus, NBC values your time at $2/:30seconds –> $4/minute –> $240/hour. That’s pretty good.
What’s interesting to me is not only their “valuation” of you and your time. What I like about it is the novel and creative way to spend online media dollars.
I can’t be sure, but as I see it there are two ways that LivingSocial and NBC priced this out:
LivingSocial charged NBC a flat CPM of, say, $15 and then the $2 savings to the consumer was essentially a pass-through. (NBC did a similar promotion last month for buy-one-get-one-free burritos at Chipotle).
LivingSocial considered NBC like any other vendor/client and charged them a $4 CPC and then took 50%, thus preserving their external-facing pricing model (to either advertisers or merchants), and in turn providing the viewer with a $2 savings.
Either way, looking at other forms of digital video, how does it compare? The best comparison to me would be YouTube’s TrueView model, with the payment method being a Cost Per View (CPV) metric, equivalent to the click-to-play that LivingSocial offered.
In both cases, you pay only for opted-in, engaged views. But CPVs on YouTube are much lower than $4. Despite/because of auction pricing, YouTube paid views are generally an order of magnitude or so lower. And with the LivingSocial deal, the advertiser does not benefit from targeting or reach/scale beyond the sales LivingSocial was able to put together that day. While not a raw deal for NBC, I think there are other, more efficient ways to spend those ad dollars. Granted, not all of them are as splashy (or as I said, as creative).
One question remains about intrinsic and extrinsic motivators — would you be moved to watch the video to save $2? Let me know in the comments. Ultimately, I think the psychological benefits are big here: at the end of the day, I’m getting paid to watch that video.
Websites these days are advanced; they like to be helpful. For example, many offer to save your log in information for later. One such site is Facebook. And for a while, I assumed Facebook’s gesture (like many others) was there for my convenience — to be helpful. But the more I thought about it, the more I realized it’s something much much more than that.
When you check that box, Facebook keeps you logged in for more than just their site. You’re logged in across the Web with Facebook, too.
Take the Washington Post: as Digg users observed, the site is heavily invested Facebook tie-ins but as a publisher, it is just one example. For example, when you view this article about Wisconsin governor Scott Walker while not signed in to Facebook, you get the following:
The “Network News” box is populated by what looks like the top stories of the day. By contrast, when you’re logged in to Facebook, you get this:
See the difference there? It’s nearly the same “Network News,” but now I see shared articles from Facebook friends.
That one little check box allows for Facebook’s reach to move from beyond its one .com and the content in that domain and instead to many thousands of sites across the Web, and all the content on those pages.
It’s Facebook Connect, but without the obstacle of individual sign-on at each location. If the point of a universal log-in is to reduce friction when accessing (and sharing), this is it. To users, it’s a passive (and easy) way to stay connected within the Facebook ecosystem: sharing articles and sending them back into the algo to be distributed across friends’ News Feeds, populating likes for social ads, parsing the interactions for correlative data about demographic interests or Zeitgeist, etc. All of this, I should say, is fine (at least by me, since I know that it comes with the territory).
The social layer of the Web is here, and to think it’s all aided by that one innocuous check box.
Today on the Groupon Blog, founder Andrew Mason spoke about his company’s set of Super Bowl advertisements:
When we think about commercials that offend us, we think of those that glorify antisocial behavior – like the scores of Super Bowl ads that are built around the crass objectification of women. [...] Ads are traditionally about shameless self promotion, and we’ve always strived to have a more honest and respectful conversation with our customers.
So basically instead of write a terse but thoughtful apology to those offended by his company’s outreach efforts, he managed to take a holier-than-thou attitude where, somehow, Groupon is righteous and all those misogynistic other advertisers suck.
Problem is: ads are meant, by design, to promote their advertiser. “Shameless self promotion” sounds about right. The truth is this, sales and marketing is about getting others to buy (into) you. There are a number of reasons why they might do this: they’re either buying you or they’re buying your product. Often both. For the former, maybe you’re charismatic, you’re persuasive, or you’re persistent (if you’re good at sales, probably all three). For the latter, your product is the best, the most useful or the cheapest. We love Apple (the best), we use Google (utility) and we buy Groupon (cheap) because they fit in these.
These aren’t the only reasons, of course. Values of the company (“Don’t Be Evil”) are important, and that’s why Mason had to respond today after being assailed on the Web for the past 24 hours.
The reason sales and marketing are lumped together is because they’re related: the client/customer isn’t just buying your wares, they’re buying YOU. So when Andrew Mason replied to criticism by scapegoating Bud Light (or whomever else), that’s not something very attractive to buy into.
Next time, tell us about the great savings, the instant deals and the local goodies available from your site, Andrew. Ironically enough, it’s Groupon which looks most self-congratulatory out of this whole thing…I don’t buy into this attitude of apology by way of our happiness that, “At least we didn’t do X” or “You should be happy we weren’t as sexist as Y.”
Just be one of those shameless self-promoters and espouse the benefits of your company – they’re numerous. That I’ll buy.
This is just great. Thanks to OpenKinect Piano, these guys have hacked Microsoft Kinect to create a giant (virtual) keyboard on the floor, which you can play with your feet.
The best part? They’ve replicated the famous scene from 1988′s Big where Tom Hanks and Robert Loggia play “Heart and Soul” in FAO Schwartz.
(Start the first video at around 1:03).
If you want to see more great Kinect hacks, I encourage you to check out Slate’s video slideshow “Hands-free Hackers” which shows some great ones including Minority Report style Web browsing, etc.